Shell&Tube Heat Exchangers
Shell &Tube Heat Exchangers are one of the most popular types of heat exchangers due to the designer's flexibility to allow for a wide variety of pressures and temperatures. The heat transfer between the fluids in the Shell & Tube Heat Exchanger occur through the pipes inside the shell. While one of the fluids passes through the pipes, the other fluid passes in the shell parallel to the pipes or diagonally. Fluids can be single or two-phase. It is used in applications where gasketed and brazed heat exchangers can not work at high temperature and pressure requirements.
Shell&Tube Heat Exchanger Construction
Shell&Tube Heat Exchanger consists of four main parts:
Front Header: This is where the fluid enters the pipe side of the heat exchanger. It is sometimes called fixed header.
Rear Header: It is the place where the pipe side fluid leaves the heat exchanger or, in multi-pass heat exchangers, the fluid is returned to the front side.
Bundle: These are consist of pipes, baffle plates, baffles, and tie rods, etc., where are used to hold the bundle together..
Shell: Contains the tube bundle.
Exchanger Details
Design pressure: Desing at high Pressures
Operating temperatures: -200 up to 1000°C
Connections: DN20 up to DN1000
Material: Wide variety of pipe material
Design codes: PED, API, ASME, TEMA, etc.
What is a Tube Heat Exchanger?
A tube heat exchanger is a device that transfers heat between two fluids by circulating them through a series of tubes. The fluids flow in opposite directions, which increases the rate of heat transfer. Tube heat exchangers are used in a wide range of industries, including:
- Chemical processing
- Power generation
- Oil and gas
- Food and beverage
- Pharmaceutical
How Do Tube Heat Exchangers Work?
Tube heat exchangers work by circulating two fluids through a series of tubes. The fluids flow in opposite directions, which increases the rate of heat transfer. The tubes are typically made of a material that is good at conducting heat, such as copper or stainless steel. The tubes are arranged in a bundle, and the fluids flow through the bundle in a counter-current flow pattern. This means that the hot fluid flows in one direction, and the cold fluid flows in the opposite direction. The counter-current flow pattern helps to maximize the rate of heat transfer.
Types of Tube Heat Exchangers
There are two main types of tube heat exchangers: shell and tube heat exchangers and plate heat exchangers.
- Shell and tube heat exchangers: Shell and tube heat exchangers are the most common type of tube heat exchanger. They consist of a shell, which contains a bundle of tubes. The fluids flow through the tubes, and the shell is used to contain the fluids and to provide support for the tubes.
- Plate heat exchangers: Plate heat exchangers are a type of heat exchanger that uses a series of plates to transfer heat between two fluids. The plates are arranged in a stack, and the fluids flow through the plates in a counter-current flow pattern. Plate heat exchangers are more compact than shell and tube heat exchangers, but they are also more expensive.
Advantages of Tube Heat Exchangers
Tube heat exchangers offer a number of advantages, including:
- High efficiency: Tube heat exchangers are very efficient at transferring heat between two fluids.
- Versatility: Tube heat exchangers can be used to transfer heat between a wide range of fluids.
- Durability: Tube heat exchangers are durable and can withstand high temperatures and pressures.
Disadvantages of Tube Heat Exchangers
Tube heat exchangers also have some disadvantages, including:
- High cost: Tube heat exchangers can be expensive to purchase and install.
- Complex maintenance: Tube heat exchangers require regular maintenance to ensure that they operate properly.
- Potential for leaks: Tube heat exchangers can leak if they are not properly installed or maintained.
Conclusion
Tube heat exchangers are a versatile and efficient type of heat exchanger that can be used in a wide range of applications. However, they are more expensive and require more maintenance than other types of heat exchangers.
Advantages of Shell&Tube Heat Exchangers
Working at Very High Pressure
Working at Very Low And Very High Temperatures
Thermal shock resistance
Wide range of design possibilities with no size limitations
It is used in many industries due to the variety of materials used.
The tube bundle can be removed and then reinstalled for maintenance and cleaning.
Shell&Tube Heat Exchanger Portfolio
Exhaust Gas Heat Exchangers
Exhaust gas heat exchangers are used in order to increase the degree of efficiency of stationary engines which, for instance are found in combined cycle power plants, cogeneration and trigeneration plants. The energy from the cooling of the exhaust gas is usually used for heating water or thermal oil. Often also multi-step exhaust gas heat exchanger concepts are carried out in which the exhaust gas is cooled below the condensation point. In this way the energy of the exhaust gas including the heating value part can be efficiently used. It is generally used in the exhausts of natural gas and biogas engines. The materials and components in line with the demands of our customers are selected in accordance with the requirements of the facility.
Double Pipe Heat Exchangers
It is frequently used in the food and pharmaceutical industry due to its high heat transfer. They are specially designed corrugated double pipe heat exchangers. While the product passes through the inner pipe, the heater or cooler fluids flows between the inner and outer pipes. Corrugated inner tube increases heat transfer. Even in case of a damage, the double pipes prevent mixing of the the fluids to each other. The pipes used in this heat exchanger can be of SS316L quality and can be polished according to the process. In addition, it can be manufactured in accordance with ASME BPE standards. The smoothness of the surfaces passing the product and the absence of any dead space inside prevent microorganisms living. The connections on the pipe side (hygienic side) are designed in accordance with DIN 32676-A (Tri-Clamp), the connections on the shell side with flanges to EN 1092-1.
Oil Cooler Heat Exchangers
Oil cooler heat exchangers are used for cooling of heat transfer oils, lubricating oils and cooling oils.
These high quality products are manufactured with the combination of the best materials and the latest production techniques. Standard production, it can be designed as fresh water cooled or sea water cooled.
It is possible to classify products as high efficiency, easy cleaning, durability and economical.
It is used in processes where gasketed and brazed heat exchangers are forced.
Titanium Tube Heat Exchangers
Material selection is very important in heat exchangers, which are generally used in the maritime industry. Due to the corrosive effect of sea water, the material to be used must be resistant to sea water. The pipe material used in these heat exchangers is Titanium, and the body material can be made of titanium, stainless steel or PE (polyethylene).
Titanium tube heat exchangers are especially used for cooling sea water with refrigerant gas. It is used extensively in maritime, fishing boats and fish farms.
In addition, gasketed plate heat exchangers are not successful in sealing some aggressive fluids (acid, etc.) in Petrochemical processes. Therefore, Titanium tube heat exchangers can be preferred according to the characteristics of the chemical.
Design Pressure: Pipe Side 30 bar, Body Side 10 bar
Design Temperature: -20°C / 90°C
Body Diameter: Max. 508mm
Length: Max. 3500mm
Hot Oil Heat Exchangers
In many industrial applications, hot oil is used to produce hot water or steam. It is preferred where high temperature is required. Oil type is very important in hot oil exchangers. In particular, the appropriate pressure loss is calculated according to the viscosity value and the heat exchanger is selected accordingly.
The use of hot oil in industrial facilities allows to reach high temperatures with low pressures. Thus, hot water or steam can be obtained with a more reliable system.
The pipe and body material to be used is determined according to the process.
Tubular Evaporators
Tubular evaporators are generally used in industrial cooling systems operating with a water cooling cycle. Refrigerants are used to cool the water.
The most common use is chiller devices. In order to prevent freezing in the heat exchanger, the water to be cooled is usually ethylene glycol solution. In tube evaporators, maintenance and cleaning are easier as the tube bundle is detachable. The body can be made of carbon steel or stainless steel. Pipes used for heat transfer for freshwater and seawater applications can be copper or copper/nickel (bafon) alloy. In general, tubular evaporators; It is produced as U type, with counter flow and with tank.
There are also products that can work with R134a. It is designed to have high efficiency and low pressure loss.
Design Pressure: Pipe Side 45 bar, body side 10 bar
Design temperature: -40°C / 90°C
Body diameter: Max. 1000mm
Length: Max. 4000mm
Tubular Condensers
Tubular condensers are generally used in industrial cooling systems operating with a water cooling cycle. It is used for condensing refrigerant gas. The body can be made of carbon steel or stainless steel. Pipes used for heat transfer for freshwater and seawater applications can be copper or copper/nickel (bafon) alloy. Body tube fresh water condensers are generally used in closed circuit condensing units such as air conditioning, cold storage, freezing units, cooling tunnels. Shell and tube seawater condensers are generally preferred in areas such as marine, fish farms and fish boats, ship cold rooms and ship air conditioning systems. Zinc anode is used to prevent corrosion in seawater condensers. It is designed to have high efficiency and low pressure loss.
Design Pressure: Pipe Side 10 bar, body side 40 bar
Design Temperature: -50°C / 90°C
Body Diameter: Max. 508mm
Length: Max. 3500mm
Gallery
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